In the case of an unresponsive adult, what is a critical preliminary step before starting CPR?

Before starting CPR on an unresponsive adult, determining if the scene is safe is essential to protect both yourself and the victim. A safe environment ensures that you can provide care without the risk of further injury to yourself or the person in need of assistance. If the surroundings pose any danger, it is crucial to address those hazards first or move the victim to a safer location if possible.

The other options, while important in the overall assessment of a medical emergency, do not precede the initiation of CPR. Checking for a pulse, for instance, may not be practical or feasible without first ensuring that you are not putting yourself in danger. Similarly, assessing for signs of shock and calling for medical assistance are critical components of the emergency response but should occur after confirming an immediate safety situation. Prioritizing the safety of the responder and the victim establishes a solid foundation for effective emergency care.